I read this for two reasons, one I’ve been wanting to read Ann Petry for a while, The Street and The Narrows were republished in 2020, so I’m looking forward to reading them, but the main reason I chose this title is because I’m an avid reader of Maryse Condé, who wrote I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem. One of her inspirations was this book written for young people by Ann Petry, which predates her novel by 30 years, so it made sense for me to read this one first.
For her the story of Tituba was a story of courage in the face of adversity. It was a lesson of hope and dynamism.
Witch Trials of Salem, History
The witch trials of Salem began in March 1692 with the arrests of Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and the black slave, Tituba, based on forced confessions. The trials were started after people had been accused of witchcraft, primarily by teenage girls, though traced to adult concerns and adult grievances. Quarrels and disputes with neighbors often incited witchcraft allegations.
Women who did not conform to the norms of Puritan society were more likely to be the target of an accusation, especially those who were unmarried or did not have children.
It marked the beginning of a period of paranoia in which nineteen women and one man were hanged, before the governor of the colony sent a report to London about the cases of 50 women and a general pardon was granted, putting an end to a disturbing chapter in the history of the village, subsequently renamed Danvers.
Though Tituba was acquitted, prisoners were required to pay the cost of their stay in prison, including the cost of chains and shackles. She was eventually sold for the price of those fees, though it is not known to whom. Ann Petry shares her theories, which we discover here, and Maryse Condé has another.
It is one of Colonial America’s most notorious cases of mass hysteria, a cautionary tale about the dangers of isolationism, religious extremism, false accusations, fake news and lapses in due process.
Review
I had read nothing about the witch trials before, though I’d heard of them, but I’m glad that this was my introduction, to see this little segment of American history, through the eyes of the innocent black slave, Tituba and her husband John.
As the book opens and Tituba and John are in the kitchen of the Barbados home they live in, the scene is so evocative, you can’t imagine how their lives are going to change so abruptly, having been so stable for so long – but then the harsh reality of them being commodities, slaves, sold like jewels, to pay a debt, their lives irrevocably changed, within 24 hours they are on a ship heading for the Bay Colony of Boston, their new owner the Reverend Parris.
Her husband instills in her the importance of staying alive and maintaining good health.
“Remember, always remember, the slave must survive. No matter what happens to the master, the slave must survive.”
Petry’s descriptions of the environment are so evocative, the contrast so great, from the warmth of the island to the damp, unwelcoming cold climate of Massachusetts.
Tituba is caring and empathetic, she has a traditional knowledge of herbs from the island, learned from the women in her family, in Boston she searches in the woods for substitutes and is helped by another woman with knowledge of herbal medicine. She is sensitive to people, animals and the environment.
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Sometimes if she stood still, used all her senses, sight and sound and touch and small would make a place speak to her. She closed her eyes and took a deep breath.
She decided it was not an evil house. It was sad and gloomy. Nothing about it suggested happiness in the future. It had been a long time since anyone had been happy in this house. People leave something of themselves in a house, and the spirit of this house was frighteningly sad.
However, these people live in fearful times and among people whose belief system instills fear and suspicion. They bear children whose imaginations run wild, their behaviour’s running even wilder.
She finally accepted the fact that Abigail was her enemy, and though young, a dangerous enemy. On the other hand, Samuel Conkin, the weaver, was her friend, and though a new friend, a very good friend.
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Tituba is a wonderful character, depicted with compassion and understanding, put in a situation where young people are drawn towards her but unable to overcome their own inner hurts, exaggerate and invent scenarios, combining imagination and superstition, creating drama that spirals out of control into very real consequences for those accused of “witching”, until the farce that it is, becomes all too clear, though not without lives having been lost.
Elena Ferrante in The Lying Life of Adults shows that sometime erratic behaviour of an adolescent and its consequences. Ann Petry shows how childish games, immaturity, attention seeking and hurt can claim lives, and though her book offers a message of courage in the face of adversity, it also offers a warning to that same youthful audience, that lives can be irrevocably damaged by the actions of a few.
I loved the character Petry created, her many talents and her resilience and the imagined appreciation that did exist, even if that might have been willful fantasy, knowing that in the era in which she lived, it was rare indeed for any person who purchased a slave to treat them as her weaver did.
Petry offers perhaps the most persuasive explanation of all—that cruelty begets cruelty, among children as well as adults. At least half the novel takes place before the trials, building the case for the horrors that follow. Anna Mae Duane, The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth, Johns Hopkins University Press
Highly Recommended.
Further Reading
Article, Smithsonian Magazine: Unraveling the Many Mysteries of Tituba, the Star Witness of the Salem Witch Trials by Stacy Schiff; Nov 2015
Play: The Crucible (1952), by Arthur Miller
Essay: Ann Petry
Story of the Week: Harlem Ann Petry (1908-1997)
Word by Word 
Thank you Claire for this great review 💕🌺, I will try to read both books, if not both I definitely will read “I Tituba” by Marysa Condé.
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I would definitely recommend reading this one as well, now that I’ve read both, I think it’s so worthwhile to have read them both. Tituba was real, but some things about her are unknown, each writer imagines her from their differing perspective and for a different audience, making for a rich and thought provoking consideration.
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I’m particularly fascinated by the notion of a novel being inspired by an earlier one. I can’t say which one I’ll end up reading first, but you do make a strong case for beginning with Ann Petry. Thank you, as always, for your thoughtful review.
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Maryse Condé was halfway into her project on Tituba before she encountered Petry’s novel, both woman imagine their character, so while certain factual elements are the same, much is different, which is worthy of consideration as well. I loved Ann Petry’s characterisation, it is a softer lens that she looks through, but I also understand Condé’s, which starts and finishes in the place Tituba was born, and is informed by what she may have been expose to and learned there.
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I’ll definitely looks out for both these books. Many years ago, I was in a school production of The Crucible, so it would be good to revisit this piece of history from a different standpoint. As ever, stimulating and interesting reviews.
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I never studied ‘The Crucible’, we did ‘Death of a Salesman’ which had me running for the poetry option. I think I’m content staying with Petry and Condé’s version of events and character.
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This sounds excellent, and years ahead of its time…
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It is that indeed Lisa, Tituba reads like a woman born in the wrong era, with madness all around her, it seems we are not as far removed from those times as we may have thought.
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This book should in the museum they have in Salem, when I went there they had a show about the trials, and then a guided tour with lots of facts, it was very sombre. Then you get to the gift shop and its all tacky witch stuff for the kids and Nathaniel Hawthorne books. I believe I, Tituba would be a bestseller to those who prefer to take their history seriously.
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I’ve just finished I, Tituba and there’s an essay and interview at the back which mentions Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Maryse Condé’s version comes from a place of compassion, revenge and parody, she also I introduces a character named Hester, in reference to Hawthorne. So interesting to read beyond the surface.
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This line from your post: “ Elena Ferrante in The Lying Life of Adults shows that sometime erratic behaviour of an adolescent and its consequences,” made me think of Ian McEwan’s novel Atonement, where his character Briony infuriated me with her behavior and attitude. Of course, I should not be so judgmental, a quality I am working on, but that line of yours jumped out at me for its power. I guess one could say all behavior has its consequences, doesn’t it? But, especially more when combined with the foolishness of youth.
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It is interesting to see the different portrayals of adolescence and youth, especially in their variation and that inclination we have to judge
those for whom the hormonal effect, in certain moments becomes so pronounced, it causes extreme thoughts and behaviours. I hesitate to call it foolishness, because of how similar and varied it can be in women for example during menopause, though being mature adults, the irrationability of behaviours is suppressed much more so than in adolescents due to their strong sense of societal and cultural pressures and conditioning. I wonder if Ferrante will take on the menopausal woman acting out!
I remember one day my son telling me that some mornings when he woke up, he felt like a completely different person, and not one he wanted to be, as if something or someone else had taken over his body. And I laughed, because I would sometimes ask this person, where is the other boy, recognising this one was not my son.
I find that remembering my own adolescence is no guide whatsoever, I am eternally grateful that there exist certain gifted adults in this world, whose calling it is to work with young people, without judgement, and to make them feel seen and heard through their individual transition, it’s not always something parents can necessarily do alone.
Until I read about Tituba though, I hadn’t heard of this “mass hysteria” like a contagion, and it might have seemed even more strange if I’d read it years ago and not in 2020, when we seem to be seeing evidence of a form of it again, this time affecting adults.
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I am too quick to judge, I think, in naming behaviors as foolish especially in one’s youth. You are much more fair. I remember a psychologist saying that in one’s youth, one “tries on many hats”, and this seems a good way to describe behavior especially in adolescence.
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Sounds like a good one. I visited Salem, Massachussetts many years ago while touring America – it’s an extraordinary piece of history. Although sadly, perhaps, not extraordinary enough to our jaded minds – as you say “a cautionary tale about the dangers of isolationism, religious extremism, false accusations, fake news and lapses in due process.” Hmmm
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These three I have just read together are certainly enlightening, it is such a travesty to read and learn of how many lives were ended or made to suffer on account of falsehoods and paranoia, in order to keep women down.
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